Javaアプリケーションにおけるテンポラリファイルの管理

File tempFile =    File.createTempFile("myApp", ".tmp");
tempFile.deleteOnExit();

package com.devx.io;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;


/**
 *  Generates and properly cleans up temporary files. Similar to {@link
 *  File#createTempFile(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)}, this class
 *  provides a static method to create temporary files. The temporary files will
 *  be created in a special directory to be cleaned up the next time this class
 *  is loaded by the JVM. This functionality is required because Win32 platforms
 *  will not allow the JVM to delete files that are open. This causes problems
 *  with items such as JARs that get opened by a URLClassLoader and can
 *  therefore not be deleted by the JVM (including deleteOnExit).
 *
 *  The caller should not need to create an instance of this class, although it
 *  is possible. Simply use the static methods to perform the required
 *  operations. Note that all files created by this class should be
 *  considered as deleted at JVM exit (although the actual deletion may be
 *  delayed). If persistent temporary files are required, use {@link
 *  java.io.File} instead.
 *
 *  Refer to Sun bugs 4171239 and 4950148 for more details.
 */
public class TempFileManager
{

  /**
   *  Creates a temporary file in the proper directory to allow for cleanup
   *  after execution. This method delegates to {@link
   *  File#createTempFile(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.io.File)} so
   *  refer to it for more documentation. Any file created using this method
   *  should be considered as deleted at JVM exit; therefore, do not use this
   *  method to create files that need to be persistent between application
   *  runs.
   *
   * @param  prefix        the prefix string used in generating the file name;
   *      must be at least three characters long
   * @param  suffix        the suffix string to be used in generating the file’s
   *      name; may be null, in which case the suffix ".tmp" will be used
   * @return               an abstract pathname denoting a newly created empty
   *      file
   * @throws  IOException  if a file could not be created
   */
  public static File createTempFile(String prefix, String suffix)
    throws IOException
  {
    // Check to see if you have already initialized a temp directory
    // for this class.
    if (sTmpDir == null)
    {
      // Initialize your temp directory. You use the java temp directory
      // property, so you are sure to find the files on the next run.
      String tmpDirName = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
      File tmpDir = File.createTempFile(TEMP_DIR_PREFIX, ".tmp",
          new File(tmpDirName));

      // Delete the file if one was automatically created by the JVM.
      // You are going to use the name of the file as a directory name,
      // so you do not want the file laying around.
      tmpDir.delete();

      // Create a lock before creating the directory so
      // there is no race condition with another application trying
      // to clean your temp dir.
      File lockFile = new File(tmpDirName, tmpDir.getName() + ".lck");
      lockFile.createNewFile();

      // Set the lock file to delete on exit so it is properly cleaned
      // by the JVM. This will allow the TempFileManager to clean
      // the overall temp directory next time.
      lockFile.deleteOnExit();

      // Make a temp directory that you will use for all future requests.
      if (!tmpDir.mkdirs())
      {
        throw new IOException("Unable to create temporary directory:"
            + tmpDir.getAbsolutePath());
      }

      sTmpDir = tmpDir;
    }

    // Generate a temp file for the user in your temp directory
    // and return it.
    return File.createTempFile(prefix, suffix, sTmpDir);
  }


  /**
   *  Utility method to load the TempFileManager at any time and allow it to
   *  clean the temporary files that may be left from previous instances
   *
   * @param  args  command line arguments are currently not supported
   */
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
    // Although the JVM will load the class in order to
    // run the main method, this gives a little clarity to
    // what is happening and why we want the main method.
    try
    {
      // This will load the TempFileManager, which will
      // cause the static block to execute, cleaning
      // any old temp files.
      Class.forName(TempFileManager.class.getName());
    }
    catch (ClassNotFoundException ex)
    {
      ex.printStackTrace();
    }
  }


  /**
   *  Deletes all of the files in the given directory, recursing into any sub
   *  directories found. Also deletes the root directory.
   *
   * @param  rootDir       the root directory to be recursively deleted
   * @throws  IOException  if any file or directory could not be deleted
   */
  private static void recursiveDelete(File rootDir)
    throws IOException
  {
    // Select all the files
    File[] files = rootDir.listFiles();
    for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++)
    {
      // If the file is a directory, we will
      // recursively call delete on it.
      if (files[i].isDirectory())
      {
        recursiveDelete(rootDir);
      }
      else
      {
        // It is just a file so we are safe to
        // delete it
        if (!files[i].delete())
        {
          throw new IOException("Could not delete: " + files[i].getAbsolutePath());
        }
      }
    }

    // Finally, delete the root directory now
    // that all of the files in the directory have
    // been properly deleted.
    if (!rootDir.delete())
    {
      throw new IOException("Could not delete: " + rootDir.getAbsolutePath());
    }
  }


  /**
   *  The prefix for the temp directory in the system temp directory
   */
  private final static String TEMP_DIR_PREFIX = "tmp-mgr-";

  /**
   *  The temp directory to generate all files in
   */
  private static File sTmpDir = null;

  /**
   *  Static block used to clean up any old temp directories found -- the JVM 
   *  will run this block when a class loader loads the class.
   */
  static
  {
    // Clean up any old temp directories by listing
    // all of the files, using a filter that will
    // return only directories that start with your
    // prefix.
    FileFilter tmpDirFilter =
      new FileFilter()
      {
        public boolean accept(File pathname)
        {
          return (pathname.isDirectory() &&
              pathname.getName().startsWith(TEMP_DIR_PREFIX));
        }
      };

    // Get the system temp directory and filter the files.
    String tmpDirName = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
    File tmpDir = new File(tmpDirName);
    File[] tmpFiles = tmpDir.listFiles(tmpDirFilter);

    // Find all the files that do not have a lock by
    // checking if the lock file exists.
    for (int i = 0; i < tmpFiles.length; i++)
    {
      File tmpFile = tmpFiles[i];

      // Create a file to represent the lock and test.
      File lockFile = new File(tmpFile.getParent(), tmpFile.getName() + ".lck");
      if (!lockFile.exists())
      {
        // Delete the contents of the directory since
        // it is no longer locked.
        Logger.getLogger("default").log(Level.FINE, 
               "TempFileManager::deleting old temp directory " + tmpFile);

        try
        {
          recursiveDelete(tmpFile);
        }
        catch (IOException ex)
        {
          // You log at a fine level since not being able to delete
          // the temp directory should not stop the application
          // from performing correctly. However, if the application
          // generates a lot of temp files, this could become
          // a disk space problem and the level should be raised.
          Logger.getLogger("default").log(Level.INFO,
              "TempFileManager::unable to delete " + tmpFile.getAbsolutePath());

          // Print the exception.
          ByteArrayOutputStream ostream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
          ex.printStackTrace(new PrintStream(ostream));

          Logger.getLogger("default").log(Level.FINE, ostream.toString());
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Class.forName(TempFileManager.class.getName());

File myTmp = TempFileManager.createTempFile("foo", ".bar");